Formation of a galaxy

Formation of a galaxy: The appearance and structure of a galaxy is the result of interactions and mergers with stars and other galaxies for billions of years.

Although experts cannot say with certainty in what stages a galaxy was formed.

Because they have so many different shapes and structures ... Considering their types and numbers, experts have very strong opinions about their formation and evolution. Which ... in the light of observations are closer to reality ...

And maybe soon the James Webb Telescope will let us know more facts about their formation and evolution.

Using supercomputers, scientists pushed the cosmic clock backward... Many computer simulations have been developed that explain how a galaxy is formed in the primitive universe ... and what evolutionary stages it goes through to reach its present state.

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Astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered for the first time that the universe is expanding rapidly. Experts estimate the age of the universe to be 8.13 billion years through this rate of expansion.

It is a well-known universal fact

The deeper you look inside the universe (ie the farther you look) the more you are actually looking back in time (in the past). Observations show that the formation and decoration of galaxies began soon after the Big Bang.

Because experts have traced the GN-Z11 galaxy in the direction of Constellation Ursa Major in 2015 through the Great Observatory Origin Deep Survey (GOODS). This galaxy is found to be 4.13 billion light-years away, just 400 million years after the Big Bang when the universe spent only 3% of its age.

Most galaxies formed in the beginning ... But the data also shows that some galaxies formed a few billion years ago. In recent times from a cosmic point of view ...

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After the Big Bang, the universe was basically filled with mostly hydrogen and helium.

But there was not the same amount of hydrogen and helium everywhere in the universe, in some areas it was less, and in some areas, it was more.

The cosmic expansion in the more dense regions had slowed down a bit, due to which matter accumulated in one place at most and began to take the form of small revolving clouds of gas. At a very high concentration of matter, under the influence of gravity, these clouds began to collapse and small pieces of gas began to separate from the clouds.

And these little pieces began to turn into stars over time ...

Thus the longest night in the universe since the Big Bang lit up like a lamp in the dark ... As the universe awoke ...

This is the most unique and beautiful event in the history of the universe ... that the first generation of stars emerged on the cosmic horizon and blessed the universe with its colorful lights ...

Gravity continued to destroy the clouds, beautiful stars continued to form, more and more clouds formed over time, and gravity rotated them and joined each other ... Eventually many small clouds merged to form large revolving packs of gas clouds.

As these clouds collapsed, revolving disk-like shapes of gas emerged on the universe map.

These disk-like shapes collected more gas and dust from the surroundings, formed the best of the stars, and began to form spiral arm-eating burrows full of star populations.

As time went on, stars began to form vast structures surrounded by halls of gas, dust, and dark matter. This is how global clusters came into being.

Although the Hubble Telescope did not see the first galaxies of the universe directly, it tracked many evolutionary stages of galaxies by observing most of the cosmic time.

The Hubble Deep Field Images series and other deep surveys have uncovered galaxies at different distances during their various evolutionary stages.

The galaxies seen in the early days were much less advanced than the current galaxies.

Experts say that these galaxies may have evolved over time, resembling our immediate and modern galaxies.

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First picture:

The farthest galaxy ever, the GN-Z11

Discovered with the Hubble Telescope at GOODS North Survey Field

The galaxy is shown in red ...

This means that due to the cosmological redshift, its light gets in the form of infrared rays.

It is located on the redshift path of approximately z = 11, hence its name

remember... The redshift of z = 11 is equivalent to a distance of more than 32 billion light-years

This means that the galaxy is 32 billion light-years away from us in terms of cosmic expansion

Three basic types of galaxies

What is a galaxy?

A galaxy is a huge cosmic structure consisting of visible matter (billions to billions of stars, dust, gas) and invisible matter (dark matter).

10% of the total mass of the galaxy consists of visible matter and 90% of invisible matter ie dark matter.

At the center of each galaxy is a huge black hole. From the central regions to the edges, every star in the galaxy forms its own orbit around this black hole.

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Is the galaxy stable in this large structure due to the gravity of this central black hole?

No, not at all  That limit is somewhere in the central areas.

Even if the stars at the ends of the galaxy are revolving around it, they are not compelled by its gravity.

The gravitational pull of a black hole plays a role in balancing a galactic structure and the mutual gravity of millions to billions of stars plays a role. Dark matter plays a central role in shaping and stabilizing the cosmic structure.

A galaxy can remain stable even without a central black hole, but without a dark matter, it would not be able to form such a massive mass of stars. If the Dark Matter were to relinquish its responsibility, the whole stellar universe would disintegrate in no time.

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The Hubble Space Telescope's keen eyes have provided a great deal of information about the shapes, structures, dates, and evolution of galaxies.

Experts have been able to learn a great deal about the formation, evolution, characteristics, mass formation of stars, and even the collision of galaxies, and they have classified galaxies into three major categories.

1. ELLIPTICAL ... (elliptical)

2. SPIRAL (eating the bill)

3. IRREGULAR ... (Irregular)

These galaxies are spread over a wide range of universe galaxies, from bony galaxies (containing 100 million stars) to large galaxies (containing 1 trillion stars).

1. ELLIPTICAL ... (elliptical)

One-third of all galaxies in the known universe are elliptical galaxies.

They contain mostly old stars and the process of forming new stars in them is also very slow.

This type of large galaxy is called GAINT ELLIPTICAL galaxy. A large elliptical galaxy is very rare ... This galaxy could be 300,000 light-years across.

Experts estimate that they are formed by the integration of small galaxies.

The most common type found in elliptical galaxies is the DWARF ELLIPTICAL galaxy.

Which are only a few thousand light-years wide ...

2. SPIRAL ... (eating the bill)

Such a galaxy consists of flat, blue, and white rotating disks of stars.

Gas and dust appear in the form of a yellowish bulge at its center.

They are also divided into two groups

i. NORMAL SPIRAL

ii. BARRED SPIRAL

The Bar of the Stars in the Bear Spiral Galaxy passes through a central rise. The arms of such a galaxy usually start at the end of the bar instead of the central protrusion.

Bull-eating galaxies are an active formation of stars.

And in all the galaxies of the known universe, there is a significant number ...

3. IRREGULAR ..... (Irregular)

These types of galaxies have very little dust. They are neither disc-shaped nor elliptical.

They are in an irregular and random form.

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In addition to these three large and many small subtypes, experts have also discovered some unusually strange galaxies in the universe ... which are probably in the evolutionary stages of galaxies like the current galaxies.

These include galaxies that are about to collide with each other and also emit gas jets with an active nucleus.

Experts have found such galaxies during studies of the early universe.

These were abundant in the early universe before the formation and evolution of elliptical and spiral galaxies.