Ground environment (ATMOSPHERE)

 Ground environment (ATMOSPHERE)

The dry part of the atmosphere is based on 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and a small number of other gases. The humid part of the atmosphere contains about 1% water vapor. This combination of gases is often called air.

The ground environment is divided into more than 5 different layers based on temperature ... in which the lower layer is called the troposphere and the upper layer is called the outer sphere.

TROPOSPHERE

This is the lowest part of the terrestrial environment where we live. All seasons occur in this part

 ۔ This is the closest aerial layer to Earth. This layer starts from the ground level... It is heated by the energy transmitted from the surface of the earth and as it goes up from the bottom, the decrease in temperature is also clearly felt here.

This decrease occurs as a result of a decrease in pressure, a parcel of air rises and expands due to low pressure and cools down. That is why the upper atmosphere of this part is cooler than the lower air

 From the bottom to the top, temperatures can range from 17 degrees Celsius to 52 degrees Celsius.

The mass of this layer is 80% of the total atmosphere, that is, the majority of gases are found in this layer. The special thing about this sphere is that it has very clear climatic changes and hence it is also called the climatic layer. Clouds, rain, and wind - all belong to this layer.

The troposphere also has two parts. The lower part is called the boundary layer where the movement of air is determined by the characteristics of the earth's surface. When the heat from the sun causes the wind to blow, it causes turbulence (storms and hurricanes, etc.).

This causes temperature and humidity inside the boundary layer as well as changes in pollution and other components of the environment.

The upper part of the troposphere is called the tropos

This part is at the poles at the lowest level above the ground, 7 to 10 kilometers (about 30,000 feet).

And the highest point near the equator is 17 to 18 kilometers (over 56,000 feet).

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STRATOSPHERE

This layer extends for about 50 km above the tropes

This layer contains mostly ozone

The temperature rises with altitude through the ozone. It absorbs the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays ... and this absorption causes an increase in temperature.

The temperature in this layer is highest at the summer pole and lowest at the winter pole.

 If ozone does not absorb ultraviolet rays, then they are very dangerous for the human body. These rays have various harmful health effects ranging from skin cancer.

Due to various human activities, a hole has formed in the ozone layer at the Coptic latitude which is called the "Antarctic Ozone Hole".

The biggest enemies of the ozone layer (called Halons and Freons or CFCs) are chemicals.

They were used in refrigerators, spray cans, and fire extinguishers. Now the production of these chemicals has stopped ...

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MESOSPHERE

The area above the stratosphere is ... Here the temperature starts to decrease again with altitude. Temperatures can reach minus 90 degrees Celsius on the last edge of this layer called Meso Paz.

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Thermosphere / InnoSphere

THERMOSPHERE / IONOSPHERE

The area above Mesopotamia where the temperature starts rising again with the elevation.

 Unlike the different layers, this sphere is also called a sphere of heat because of its increase rather than decrease in temperature as it moves from bottom to top. The reason for this reversal is the absorption of the sun's energetic ultraviolet and X-ray rays with other gas molecules.

Sun radiation removes electrons from molecules and atoms and converts them into ions with a positive charge.

 The temperature of this layer can reach up to 1,500 degrees Celsius.

But this temperature can vary day and night and depend on the seasons. Because the gas molecules in this sphere are so far apart, the temperature does not work as normal.

The Ionosphere radio absorbs and reflects the waves, which is why we receive shortwave radio broadcasts.

 On the same globe, The International Space Station is located. Parts of it even cross the boundary of the exosphere. This sphere is also important because it contributes immensely to the transmission of electromagnetic waves, especially radio waves. In this layer, you can see beautiful landscapes like Aurora.

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EXOSPHERE EXOSPHERE

An area about 500 km above the earth is called ExoSphere or Outer Sphere.

Here mainly oxygen, hydrogen ... Atoms of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are found, but due to the extremely low density of these elements, their atoms and molecules rarely collide with each other. Under the influence of gravity, they can move very fast and travel hundreds of kilometers

In this layer, their properties are not like gas in any way. Because of this speed, some of them sometimes break through the Earth's gravity barriers and go into space

Due to the high altitude in this sphere, no weather phenomena are possible. However, the beautiful aurora of the earth (northern and southern light

They form in the lower part of the layer from where they meet in Thermo Ambassador.

There are many artificial satellites in this layer.

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MAGNETOSPHERE

The earth behaves like a huge magnet ...

This sphere traps electrons (negative charge) and protons (negative charge) and concentrates in two bands 3000 to 16000 km above the earth's surface.

Van Allen Radiation Belt The outer region around the earth where charged particles rotate along the lines of a magnetic field. This sphere is called a magnetic ambassador.